Monitoring Multiple Instances

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While you can monitor only one agent (instance) in Monitoring a Database Instance, Monitoring Multiple Instances allows you to monitor and manage multiple agents (instances).

You can compare and analyze key performance metrics occurring in each instance at a glance. You can effectively perform monitoring by aggregating data such as the number of agents running, the sum of all active sessions, and the number of transactions. Users can easily check the changes in metric values ​​over time and high performance metrics for each instance through graph charts.

Additionally, users can see the longest-lasting active sessions, which can be used as a basis for diagnosing and resolving the system performance bottlenecks.

Tip

If you select an agent to compare in Dashboard > Instance List, and then select Multi view, the Monitoring Multiple Instances menu appears.

Viewing the past data

The dashboard basically provides real-time monitoring features in which you can view the past data.

Real-time mode	Non-real-time mode

1. Select in the time selector at the upper left of the screen.

2. Click the date and time to set the desired time zone.

   

3. Select Apply.

It updates the data in widgets placed on the dashboard based on the set time. To switch to the Realtime mode, select .

Checking the agent

Checking the agent connection status

On the upper left of the screen, the right area of the time selector provides information that allows you to check the status of agents connected to the project. This allows you to immediately check whether the target application server is running.

• Total: Number of all agents connected to the project

• Active: Number of active agents

• Inactive: Number of inactive agents

• : Can display or hide inactive agents.

Agent-based monitoring

By default, the dashboard displays the metrics collected from all agents in charts and you can also view the data by agent. Select one or more agents under the time selector. The data of the widgets on the dashboard is updated with the metrics of the selected agent(s).

Tip

To select all agents again while one or more agents is selected, deselect them or select Total.

Note

If there are numerous agents connected to the project, it is efficient to set the agent names to be short. For more information about the agent name setting, see the following.

Editing a dashboard widget

The widgets on the dashboard can be adjusted to the desired size and placed in the desired positions. You can also delete unnecessary widgets or add them again.

Resizing a widget

Click and hold the mouse on the element at the lower right of the widget, and then drag it to the desired size. Grids with a uniform horizontal-to-vertical ratio appear and the size of the widget can be adjusted in each grid.

Moving a widget

When you move the mouse cursor to the top of the widget, the cursor shape changes to . At this time, you can move the widget by dragging with your left mouse button and move to the desired position.

Deleting a widget

Right-click on a widget to delete. If you select Delete, the widget is deleted from the dashboard.

Adding a widget

Move the mouse cursor to an empty space on the dashboard and then right-click on it. Select a widget to add from the pop-up menu. Place the widget to the desired position and then resize it.

Note

• For more information about the widgets that can be placed on the dashboard, see the following.

• In addition to the metrics provided by default on the dashboard, you can add the desired metrics. For more information about custom widgets, see the following.

Custom widget

The custom widget feature allows users to add their own metrics in addition to the metrics provided by default on the dashboard. If you have metrics to continuously monitor on the dashboard in addition to the metrics provided by default, use the custom widget feature.

Add

1. Right-click an empty space on the dashboard.

2. On the pop-up menu, select Add Custom Widgets.

3. If Custom Widget is created on the dashboard, select Select indicator.

   

4. When the Add Custom Widgets window appears on the right of the screen, enter the widget name in Title.

   

5. In the metrics list at the bottom of the screen, select the button on the upper right of the metric to add.

6. After the metric has been changed, select Save.

Note

• You can add up to four metrics. To add metrics, select .

• Ti change the metric, select a different metric in the metrics list. If you select , the metric is added.

• If you do not enter the widget title, it is saved as a custom widget.

Selecting the chart type

In chart type of the Add Custom Widgets window, you can select the following types.

• Series: Time series chart that displays the metric changes over time.

• Equalizer: Bar graph chart that can compare the performance for multiple metrics. By visually displaying various metrics on one screen, you can easily see the overall performance status.

• Pie: Pie chart useful for checking the composition ratio for multiple metrics relative to the whole.

• Text: It displays the figures for the metrics in text.

Selecting the data merging method

In Merge target of the Add Custom Widgets window, you can select the way to display metrics collected from agents.

• Sum: It sums up the metric values ​​collected from multiple agents and displays them as a single value. This option is useful for displaying the overall total by merging data from multiple agents.

• Avg: It averages the metric values ​​collected from multiple agents and displays them as a single value. This option is useful for checking the average performance or status of all agents.

• Max: By selecting the largest value among the metric values ​​collected from multiple agents, it displays a single value. This option is useful for identifying the highest performance consumption or worst performance cases among agents.

• No Merge: It displays the metrics for each agent.

Note

The available merge method may differ depending on the chart type.

Changing a metric

You can change or add metrics for the metrics added to the custom widget.

1. Select on the upper right of the custom widget added on the dashboard.

2. When the Add Custom Widgets window appears on the right of the screen, select a metric to change.

   

3. Select a metric to change from the metric list at the bottom of the screen. To add a metric, select on the upper right of the metric to add.

4. After the metric has been changed, select Save.

Tip

The features of the icon buttons in the list for added or changed metrics are as follows:

• : You can exclude the metric from the custom widget.

• : You can set the alert for the metric. When the button is selected, the Alert > Event Configuration appears. For more information about the Metrics event setting, see the following.

Using the widget options

The icons displayed on the widget function as follows:

• : You can see the features and information for major widgets. (multilingual support planned)

• or : You can enlarge or reduce the range of the vertical axis.

• : You can view the widget's data on a wider screen.

• : A detail window appears where you can search the data of the widgets separately by agent.

Note

The provided options may differ depending on the widget.

Setting presets

You can save and load the settings and layouts for widgets on the dashboard. You can create a new preset by adjusting its size and placing it on the desired position.

• Default: This preset consists of XOS metrics, AWS RDS CloudWatch metrics, and major DB metrics.

• Default(xos): This preset consists of XOS metrics and major DB metrics.

• Default(rds): This preset consists of AWS RDS CloudWatch metrics and major DB metrics.

Note

The default preset (Default) cannot be changed.

Creating a new preset

1. Place the widgets in the desired format on the dashboard. You can also resize and place only the widgets to be frequently checked.

2. On the upper right of the screen, select .

3. Enter a new preset name.

   

   To save the selected agent data, select Include agent selection history.

4. Select Save.

You can see the newly saved preset from the preset list.

Note

• If any changes are made to the newly created preset, save the preset again. Select and then save the preset with the same name. Any changes are overwritten in the existing preset.

• If you go to another menu without saving changes on the dashboard, the changes are not saved.

• Presets are saved on a project basis and can be shared with other users.

Deleting presets

If you have unused presets, you can delete them from the preset list. Select on the right of the item to delete from the preset list.

Note

The Default preset cannot be deleted.

Learning about the main widgets

The types of widgets that can be placed on the dashboard are as follows.

XOS widgets

• [XOS] CPU

  You can see the CPU usages for each agent in real time.

• [XOS] Memory

  You can see the memory usages for each agent in real time.

• [XOS] Disk Usage

  Displays the disk utilizations, free sizes, and total sizes for each agent.

  • : The Disk usage details pop-up window appears. You can check the chart that displays the disk usage by time zone. You can check the data by instance. By selecting Size, Free, or Used, you can see the total size, remaining size, and size in use.

  • : You can expand the table on the widget to a wider screen.

  Tip

  If there is no data displayed, add the following settings to the xos.conf file.

  xos.conf

  # Off if the disk usage is 0; unit: second
  disk_usage_interval=60

AWS RDS CloudWatch widgets

• [RDS] CPUUtilization

  You can see the CPU usages for each RDS DB instance in real time.

• [RDS] FreeableMemory

  You can see the memory usages for each RDS DB instance in real time.

• [RDS] FreeStorageSpace

  You can see the free storage space in the RDS database in real time.

Note

For information on how to configure the agent for inquiry of AWS CloudWatch metrics, see the following.

Database widgets

The provided widgets allow you to check the status of various system resources, such as CPU, memory, and disk I/O, as key metrics for database performance analysis.

• Active Sessions

  It visually displays the numbers of active sessions over time in a time series chart. This widget traces and graphs the numbers of sessions running in the database over time. It is useful for visually checking the session usage patterns and load.

• Lock Wait Sessions

  It visually displays the numbers of lock waiting sessions over time in a time series chart. This widget traces the numbers of sessions in lock waiting state in the database over time and displays it on the graph in real time.

• Long Active Session Count

  It provides information about active sessions running on the database for long time. A chart appears for information aggregated by time zone with grouped by the session execution time. It can identify long-running sessions with performance issues or resource leaks in the database, or classify the sessions based on the execution time to visually display which sessions stay active for long time.

  It appears in blue for less than 3 seconds, green for 3 seconds or more that is less than 10, orange for 10 seconds or more that is less than 15, and red for 15 seconds or more.

• Long Waiting Session Count

  It provides information about the long-term latency of the sessions holding or waiting for locks in the database. By combining lock information and active session information, you can trace long-term latencies for queued sessions. It monitors the sessions that are holding locks or waiting for long time. You can visually see which sessions are holding locks or waiting for long time.

  It appears in blue for less than 5 seconds, green for 5 seconds or more that is less than 10, orange for 10 seconds or more that is less than 60, and red for 60 seconds or more.

• SQL Elapse Map

  Displays a real-time chart for the elapsed times of running queries. If you drag a specific part of the chart, the Query List appears. You can enlarge or reduce the range of the vertical axis by selecting or .

  Note

  The execution times of queries are calculated after collecting active sessions. Therefore, depending on the active session collection cycle, there may be a margin of error. See the following figure. The execution times of SQL queries that have ended within the collection cycle are not calculated. A shorter collection cycle may decrease the margin of error, but considering the database load, it is typically set to 5 seconds. It is useful for monitoring long-running queries. The same is true for the data in SQL statistics.

  

• DML Tuples

  Displays a real-time chart for the number of statements run for DML (Data Manipulation Language).

• Slow Query

  Displays a real-time chart for slow queries for each time zone. If you drag a specific part of the chart, the Slow Query List appears. You can enlarge or reduce the range of the vertical axis by selecting or .

• Logical I/O

  The blks_hit metric is the total number of cases a disk block has been already found in the buffer cache and does not require read operation.

• Physical I/O

  Number of cases data has been read from physical disk.

• Uptime

  You can check how much time has passed since the agent (instance) started. The time appears in the {dd}d {hh:mm:ss} format.

• Commits

  Number of commits occurred in the system or session.

• Replication Delay

  Displays a real-time chart for the delayed times that are reflected in the replication DB in case of the replication structure.

• Wait Event

  It displays a real-time graph for the names of the waiting events that each backend process is waiting on, along with the frequency with which those events occurred. It mainly monitors waiting events related to application, configuration, administrative, network, and the like. You can visually see the frequency of each waiting event. If you hover your mouse over the graph, a tooltip is displayed providing more information about each waiting event.

• Vacuum Sessions

  The number of vacuum processes in progress can be checked. When the button is selected on the upper right of the widget, a Vacuum history window appears. Vacuum history provides detailed information on the vacuum process executed.

Session Table widget

You can view real-time active sessions and lock trees in the Session Table widget at the bottom of the screen.

• Active sessions: You can view active sessions and queries.

  • If you select a session running, the Session detail window appears. You can see the details for the selected session. For more information, see the following.

  • If you select an item in the rightmost query column in the table, the SQL details window appears. You can see the full text and plan information for the selected query. For more information, see the following.

• Lock tree

  You can see the lock session information, and holder and waiter information in real time. For more information about the table columns, see the following.

Note

In the table list, the text colors are changed black → orange → Red, which means that the performance of the session is getting slower.

Checking the session information details

If you select a session in the Active sessions tab, the Session detail window appears. You can see the information details about the selected session.

• The session information is viewed in real time by default. If you select in the time selector, you can stop a real-time view and see the data based on the paused time. To refresh data while pausing a real-time view, select .

• Kill Session: You can stop the selected session. If the Session kill window appears, enter the password (Parameter Key) and then select Apply.

  Note

  This feature is only available in real-time viewing mode.

• Session history: You can go to the Session History menu to see the records of the selected session.

  Note

  For more information about Session History, see the following.

• Session Info: You can see the basic information of the selected session and the information details including the status.

• Wait Info: The waiting event and waiting time of the selected session are provided. You can also see information about the waiting events that occur when the database system is waiting to execute a specific task.

• SQL Text / Plan: You can see the SQL query statements and plans of the selected session. For more information, see the following.

• Process Info: You can see the process information details of the selected session.

See query details

To check the SQL query information of the executing session, select the query (or sql_text) column in the Active sessions section. The SQL details window appears. You can check the SQL query statements and plan information.

• View SQL Statistics: You can go to the SQL statistics menu where you can check statistical information related to the SQL query statement.

• Default Bind: You can bind the part set as a variable in the query sentence to the default value.

• Reset Bind: You can release the bound default value and check the variable.

• Formatting: You can improve readability by applying indentation and formatting to a SQL query statement.

• Plan: To check plan information, enter DB Name, User Name, and Password, and then select .

  • Text: You can check plan information in text format.

  • JSON: By viewing the plan information in Json format, you can quickly find the points where bottlenecks occur.

  Note

  The function to view plan information in JSON format is supported only in DBX agent 1.6.12 or later.

Tip

If you select a table or index while viewing the plan information in JSON format, the Object detail window appears where you can see the configurations for columns and index items in the table.

This function is supported in DBX agent 1.6.15 or later. For more information about the database roles and related settings, see the following.

Filtering the table data

1. Select on the upper right of the table.

2. Select a column header and a condition in the table.

3. Enter a desired value in the Enter conditions field.

4. Select Save.

Setting the table columns

You can hide the table header columns or add any of them. You can also change the column order. Select .

Note

• After configuration, select Confirm to apply the settings in the table.

• In the search bar, enter text to search the desired columns. Only the columns that meet the entered text are displayed.

• Images may differ depending on the product, project, or menu.

Adding columns

From the list, select the items to add as table header columns. To select all items, select Select All.

Deleting columns

From the list, unselect the columns to delete. Alternatively, select on the right of the item to delete from the list.

Changing the column order

Drag an item to reposition from the list, and then move it to the desired position.

Initializing the configuration

To cancel all changes and reset them, select Initialized.

Column information guide

Active session

Item	Description
pid	Process ID
db	Database name
user	SQL execution account
application	Client application name
client_host	Host name of the connected client (reported by reverse DNS lookup of client_addr)
client_addr	Client IP address
client_port	Client port number (in case of using the UNIX socket -1)
query_hash	Hash value of query (internal WhaTap control value)
query_start	Time when the active query started (if the state is not active, it is the last query started time)
state	Current status of the backend process (active, idle, etc.)
state_change	Last time when the state was changed
xact_start	Time when the current transaction for the process started (null if no transaction is active)
backend_start	Time when the backend process started
backend_xmin	Minimum value of xid whose backend process is being processed
backend_type	Type of the backend process (e.g. autovacuum worker, logical replication launcher, client backend, checkpointer)
backend_xid	xid whose backend is being processed
wait_event_type	Type of the event whose backend process is in standby
wait_event	Waiting event name where the backend process is in standby

Note

WhaTap basically stores the client-related information.

Lock tree

Item	Description
holder type	Type of the holder session (transaction ID, tuple, etc.)
lock mode	holder_mode (exclusive lock, shared lock, etc.)
waiter type	Type of the waiter session (transaction ID, tuple, etc.)
lock request	waiter_mode (exclusive lock, shared lock, etc.)

Process information

The following items are the metrics collected if the XOS agent has been installed.

Item	Description
cputime	CPU usage time
cpuusage	CPU Utilization
elapse	Elapsed time of CPU usage
vsize	Virtual memory size (Kb)
rss	Resident Set Size (RSS) that is the number of physical pages associated with the process.
state	Process status
ioread	Actual time spent reading the block (milliseconds)
iowrite	Actual time spent writing the block (milliseconds)
pss	Process specific memory usage + Percentage of shared memory occupied by one process
uid	user id
cmd	Executing command
longcmd	Full path of cmd

Downloading the view list

You can download the current Session Table list in CSV format. Select on the upper right of the Session Table section.

The naming format of the downloaded file is as follows:

• Active sessions: activeSession_HH_MM_SS.csv

• Lock tree: lockTree_HH_MM_SS.csv

Viewing in a new window

You can see the Session Table list on a new wider screen. Select on the upper right of the Session Table section.